Foundations
Blockchain
A shared record arranged in linked blocks. Network participants apply agreed rules to check new entries. A blockchain can make changes easier to audit, but its reliability depends on the protocol, software and participants.
Reference / Onchain Dictionary
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Short explanations for people working on digital products. Read the mechanism first, then follow the network’s own documentation.
15 definitions
Foundations
Cryptocurrency
A digital asset whose control and movement are recorded using cryptographic rules. Some are native to their network; others are created by applications on an existing network.
Foundations
Protocol
A set of rules that tells participants or software how to communicate and agree on valid actions. In a blockchain, these rules can cover messages, signatures and the order of records.
Networks & coins
Bitcoin (BTC)
Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer network with a native unit called bitcoin, abbreviated BTC. It uses proof of work and a shared record to check transactions without a central record keeper.
Networks & coins
Ethereum & Ether (ETH)
Ethereum is a programmable blockchain. Ether, abbreviated ETH, is its native asset. ETH is used for network fees and for the validator mechanism that helps secure the network.
Networks & coins
Solana (SOL)
Solana is a blockchain where programs operate on accounts that hold data. SOL is the native asset used for network fees and participation in its proof-of-stake system.
Networks & coins
XRP
XRP is the native asset of the XRP Ledger, an open-source public blockchain. The ledger uses a consensus process among validators, and XRP is used for transaction costs and account reserve requirements.
Network mechanics
Pool
A pool combines resources for a shared task. A mining pool combines computing work; a staking pool coordinates participation in validation. A liquidity pool groups token balances in a smart contract so a protocol can process swaps. These are distinct mechanisms with different security assumptions.
Network mechanics
Exchange
A service or protocol that lets users convert one digital asset into another, or between digital assets and conventional currency. Some are run by a central operator; others rely on smart contracts. The term describes a function, not a measure of safety.
Network mechanics
Staking
In a proof-of-stake network, participants commit the native asset under protocol rules to support validation. Validators propose or check blocks. Incorrect behaviour or downtime can lead to penalties, and some systems restrict when committed assets can be released.
Network mechanics
Smart contract
A program that runs under a blockchain’s rules. It can update records when its conditions are met. Its behaviour depends on its code, permissions and any external inputs; the name does not establish a legal agreement.
Network mechanics
Node
A computer running software that participates in a network. A node may store records, check messages or relay information. Its role depends on the network and the software configuration.
Foundations
Consensus
The process a distributed network uses to agree which records are valid and in what order. Different protocols make different assumptions about trust, communication and faults.
Building
Testnet
A separate network used to try software and workflows before a production release. Conditions can differ from the production network, so a successful test is only one part of a release review.
Building
Wallet
Software or hardware that manages cryptographic keys and helps a user authorise actions. Assets are recorded by the network; a wallet manages the credentials used to control them. Protecting those credentials matters.
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